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etcd etcdserver: mvcc: database space exceeded

The etcd database has exceeded its space quota.

Understanding etcd and Its Purpose

etcd is a distributed key-value store that provides a reliable way to store data across a cluster of machines. It is commonly used in distributed systems for configuration management, service discovery, and coordination. etcd is designed to be highly available and consistent, making it an essential component in systems like Kubernetes.

Identifying the Symptom: Database Space Exceeded

When working with etcd, you might encounter the error message: etcdserver: mvcc: database space exceeded. This error indicates that the etcd database has reached its space quota limit, preventing further writes until space is freed up.

Explaining the Issue: Database Space Quota

The error arises because etcd enforces a space quota to prevent the database from growing indefinitely, which could lead to performance degradation or even failure. The default quota is typically set to 2GB, but this can be configured. When the quota is exceeded, etcd will reject new write requests until space is made available.

Why Space Quota Matters

Space quotas are crucial for maintaining the performance and reliability of the etcd cluster. Without a quota, the database could consume all available disk space, leading to system instability.

Steps to Resolve the Issue

1. Compact the Database

Compaction is the process of removing old versions of keys that are no longer needed. This can free up space and is a common first step in resolving space issues. Use the following command to compact the database:

etcdctl compact

Replace <revision_number> with the latest revision number you want to compact up to. You can find the latest revision number by running:

etcdctl endpoint status --write-out=table

2. Defragment the Database

After compaction, defragmentation can help reclaim space by reorganizing the storage. Run the following command:

etcdctl defrag

Defragmentation should be performed during low-traffic periods as it can temporarily affect performance.

3. Increase the Space Quota

If compaction and defragmentation are not sufficient, consider increasing the space quota. This can be done by setting the --quota-backend-bytes flag when starting etcd. For example, to increase the quota to 4GB, use:

etcd --quota-backend-bytes=4294967296

Ensure that your system has enough resources to handle the increased quota.

Additional Resources

For more information on managing etcd, visit the official etcd documentation. You can also explore the etcd GitHub repository for source code and community discussions.

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