- Use `systemctl status mysql` on Linux.
- For Windows, check in Services.
- Use `ping ` to confirm network connectivity.
- Try `nslookup ` to ensure the hostname resolves to an IP.
- Open the MySQL configuration file (e.g., `/etc/mysql/my.cnf` or `/etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d/mysqld.cnf`) and look for the `bind-address` directive. It should be set to `0.0.0.0` or the server's IP, not `127.0.0.1` if remote access is needed.
- Use `mysql -h -u -p` to bypass DNS resolution.
- Ensure there are no firewall rules blocking the connection. Use `sudo iptables -L` on Linux to check for any rules that might be blocking MySQL's port (default is 3306).
- Look for any errors in the MySQL server log file (`/var/log/mysql/error.log` or `/var/log/mysqld.log`) related to network issues or client connections.
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