PostgresDB Disk I/O Bottlenecks

Slow read/write performance, which can indicate inefficient queries, poor indexing, or hardware limitations.
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PostgresDB Disk I/O Bottlenecks

 ?
  1. Identify Slow Queries: Use the query below to find slow queries that might be causing high disk I/O:
  2. SELECT pid, now() - pg_stat_activity.query_start AS duration, query
    FROM pg_stat_activity
    WHERE (now() - pg_stat_activity.query_start) > interval '5 minutes';
  3. Check for Index Usage: Ensure that your queries are using indexes properly. Missing indexes can lead to full table scans, causing high disk I/O. Use EXPLAIN to analyze your queries:
  4. EXPLAIN SELECT * FROM your_table WHERE your_column = 'your_value';
  5. Vacuum and Analyze: Run VACUUM and ANALYZE to clean up dead rows and update statistics for better query planning:
  6. VACUUM VERBOSE ANALYZE your_table;
  7. Increase Checkpoint Intervals: High disk I/O might be due to frequent checkpoints. Adjust checkpoint_timeout and max_wal_size in postgresql.conf to reduce checkpoint frequency:
    • Increase checkpoint_timeout
    • Increase max_wal_size
  8. Move WAL Files: If possible, move the WAL files (pg_wal) to a separate disk to reduce I/O on the main disk. This requires changes in postgresql.conf:
    • Set wal_dir to a directory on a separate disk.
  9. Enable Connection Pooling: If not already in use, implement connection pooling to reduce the overhead caused by frequent connections/disconnections.
  10. Monitor Disk I/O Utilization: Use system monitoring tools to keep an eye on disk I/O. For Linux, iostat is useful:
  11. iostat -dx 2
  12. Review Workload and Hardware: If specific queries are frequently causing high disk I/O, consider optimizing them or scaling your hardware to meet demands.
Attached error: 
PostgresDB Disk I/O Bottlenecks
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